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Short-chain carboxylic acids are commonly formed in the oxidation of vegetable oils, long carbon-chain fatty acids and biodiesel. The formation of short-chain (up to six carbons) carboxylic acids during induced oxidation in the Rancimat procedure for oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LnA), soybean oil (SO), methyl biodiesel from soybean oil (MBSO) and ethyl biodiesel from soybean...
An environmentally-benign supercritical fluid route is developed to demulsify and treat highly intractable petroleum emulsions containing hazardous acidic compounds, heavy fractions, heteroatoms, and metallic impurities without using external catalysts and molecular hydrogen. The produced synthetic crude oil exhibits asphaltene-free fractions with low amounts of impurities, which could be suitable...
The membrane reactor is a promising device to produce pure hydrogen and enrich CO2 from syngas. To figure out the detailed reaction phenomena of high-temperature water gas shift reaction (WGSR) in a Pd-based membrane reactor, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate the chemical reaction where the feed gas temperature and steam-to-CO molar ratio (S/C ratio) are in the ranges...
Regeneration of Fe(II)EDTA, converting Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(II)EDTA-NO to Fe(II)EDTA, is the key process in a wet flue gas denitrification technology with Fe(II)EDTA solution. In this paper, Zn powder was first employed as a reductant to reduce Fe(II)EDTA-NO. The stoichiometry and kinetics of Fe(II)EDTA-NO reduction by Zn powder were investigated with respect to Zn powder concentration, pH value, and...
Effective diffusion coefficient is an important parameter which needs to be determined in different fields of study, such as cathode catalyst layers of PEM fuel. For this purpose, a Loschmidt diffusion cell can be used. When a porous medium is placed in Loschmidt apparatus, the effective gas diffusion coefficient (EGDC) of this section must be correlated by diffusion coefficient in absence of a porous...
Viscosity is one of the most important properties of biodiesel and conventional diesel fuels derived from petroleum. A large number of empirical correlations exist in the literature, which predict the blended viscosity of binary oil mixtures but they have not been proved for oil/oxygenate blends. In this work, twelve mixing rules, which were developed for predicting the viscosity of petroleum based...
Dry physical separation techniques were used to clean typical Chinese bituminous coals by removing their ash and sulfur contents and major trace elements. Different dry coal separators, such as the conventional dense-medium gas–solid fluidized bed separator, vibrated dense-medium gas–solid fluidized bed separator, and triboelectric separator, were used to clean various-sized coal samples. Results...
Detonation is a high energetic mode of pressure gain combustion that exploits total pressure rise to augment high flow momentum and thermodynamic efficiencies. Detonation is initiated through flame acceleration driven by turbulence interaction and induction for Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT). There is a broad desire to unravel the physical mechanisms of turbulence induced DDT. The study...
The influence of internal nozzle flow characteristics over ignition delay, and flame lift-off of reacting direct-injection sprays is studied experimentally for three fuels using two different nozzle geometries. This is a continuation of previous work by the authors, where, evaporative and non-evaporative, isothermal spray developments were studied experimentally for the same nozzle geometries and...
The properties of pitch as the binder material for carbon anode manufacturing strongly affect the anode properties. Pitches show significant differences in their chemical composition depending on their origin. In this study, five coal tar pitches with different quinoline-insoluble (QI) contents were studied to understand the wettability of one calcined petroleum coke by these pitches using the sessile-drop...
This paper investigates the statistical behaviour of the turbulent kinetic energy transport for moderate values of turbulent Renolds number Ret in turbulent premixed flames by using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data in the case of head-on quenching by an isothermal inert wall for different Lewis numbers (i.e. Le=0.8–1.2). The magnitudes of turbulent kinetic energy and the terms of its transport...
The chemical composition and structures of bitumen surfaces are characterised using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The effect of wax is considered by comparing a wax-free bitumen with a bitumen that contains natural wax and a wax-free bitumen to which a small amount of wax has been added. The results demonstrate that TOF-SIMS is a powerful method for the chemical characterisation...
After fracturing operation, hydraulic fractures and induced fractures are created within the shale reservoir. A lot of treatment water is stored in fractures network and flow back into the surface during the gas recovery process. The gas production performance is affected by the water flowback because two phase flow occurs within fractures zone. For the created reservoir scale, we propose a multiscale-...
Jet fuel stability is an important fuel property for management of fuel in storage. A method for predicting jet fuel stability, based on the colourimetric reaction of the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) has been examined in this work. A range of jet fuels of known and unknown refining history, including a range of antioxidant compounds have been examined using the DPPH assay...
This study proposes the use of Grey-Taguchi based multi-response optimization to screen suitable diesel-oxygenate blends for achieving simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions with maximum performance in a DI diesel engine with minimum number of trials. The effects of factors such as oxygenate type, its blend proportion with diesel and retarded injection timing on emission and performance...
FAU-type zeolite was prepared using Irish shale rock and tested as a catalyst in the liquid-phase esterification of oleic acid (a model test reaction for biodiesel production). A systematic study was conducted (over the stated preparation ranges) by varying the water:shale ratio (4:1–15:1 by mass), and mixing (1–24h), aging (6–48h) and hydrothermal treatment times (6–72h) to determine the optimal...
Investigation and characterization of coals oxidation is one of the most current problems due to the fact that it may lead to quality loss and spontaneous combustion hazards at mining, storage and utilization. A detailed analysis was performed for thermogravimetric analysis of selection of coals with a wide rank range, different structural characteristics, petrographic and elements composition and...
In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out to delineate the effect of various spray parameters on CO and NOx emissions in a combustor operating in flameless combustion mode with kerosene fuel. Thermal input was varied in the range of 20–41kW (Heat release density ∼5–10MW/m3) with different fuel injectors and various fuel injection pressures. Spray parameters were...
This study aims to investigate the structural features of nascent char. Two nascent chars were prepared from the pyrolysis of Loy Yang brown coal and Collie sub-bituminous coal in a wire-mesh reactor by heating at 1000Ks−1 to 600°C. Structural changes in nascent chars were investigated by reheating the chars in N2 at low temperatures (≤600°C) followed by subsequent gasification in O2/N2 mixtures at...
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